20 Physiology Facts : Attraction

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2. People rely on sight, sound and smell when it comes to being attracted to people, and all 3 senses play a vital role in making people attracted to one another.
3. In most cultures, men find that younger women are more attractive than older women. Whereas women are attracted towards older men.
4. Studies show that shorter men have lesser reproductive success than taller men, as taller men have greater ability to attract mates.
5. Anxiety is sudden unexplained attacks of intense fear without any apparent cause
6. Scent may be one of the factors in one's attraction towards another.
7. Once you begin to dislike someone, everything they do tends to annoy you.
8. Evolutionary biologists say that it’s better to be average looking, as average features advertise better reproductive health and a more diverse set of genes.
9. Your biggest lesson learned this year is probably not to give so much of yourself to people who will not do the same for you.
10. Never get too attached to anyone unless they feel the same towards you, because one sided expectations can mentally destroy you.
11. Appearance plays an important role even when voting during elections. Maturity and physical attractiveness of politicians were most important for voters’ choice (subconsciously, of course).
12. The less you say, the words matter more.
13. Online polls showed that men are more concerned about the weight of a date while women are concerned about a potential partner’s height. Women with 20 pounds overweight and men even just an inch below the average height have a tougher time getting a date.
14. Woman’s hormone levels are affected by birth control pills. Women who take birth control pills are more attracted to men with more masculine features, but these men are often linked to aggressive behavior, higher testosterone levels and even higher divorce rates.
15. If you are more attractive then there are chances that, you are less likely to suffer punishment when convicted and even less chances to be convicted.
16. $160 billion a year is the value of a global industry that includes cosmetics, skin and hair care, perfumes, cosmetic surgery, hormone injections, health clubs and weight loss programs.
17. According to studies, neonatal nurses tend to devote more time and attention to more attractive, healthy infants and less attention to less attractive babies.
18. Researches show that a potential date is made more attractive by adrenaline.
19. There is nothing more important to people than their self-image. Figure out how people like to think of themselves, and challenge or reinforce it to your advantage.
20. Do you know that facial symmetry is considered a sign of beauty and attraction around the worldworld. 
21. Women are more attracted to men who have the ideal hunting physiques, narrow waists, strong shoulders and broad chests.

    

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   10 Physiology Facts : Anger

10 Physiology Facts : Anger

1. It’s usually some outside factor that you feel leads to you becoming angry. However, there are many factors that can make you more susceptible to feeling that anger. These are things such as hunger, heat, exhaustion, dehydration, or other circumstances of annoyance.
2. Men who have low levels of testosterone served as a threat to masculinity and led to engagement in more “gender stereotypical behaviors,” like getting into physical fights and anger.
3. Being angry rather than simply in pain has a number of advantages, primarily among them distraction. People in pain generally think about their pain.
4. Meanwhile, men who were told they had high testosterone levels were more likely to support gender equality and more likely to engage in stereotypically feminine behaviors, like caretaking or doing housework and don't show agression easily.
5. Excessive anger can cause problems. Increased blood pressure and other physical changes associated with anger make it difficult to think straight and harm your physical and mental health.
6. Angry people produce more unique ideas faster than people in any other type of emotional state, according to a study.
7. Kangaroos hop because they can’t move their legs independently.
8. If someone is always angry at you just stay calm. It will help them to be ashamed later.
9. However, angry people think about harming those who have caused pain. Part of the transmutation of pain into anger involves an attention shift - from self-focus to other-focus.
10. One thing that has been shown to consistently combat anger is humor. Not only do most people enjoy humor, but it breaks the attention and stress caused by feeling angry and refocuses it on something less physiologically taxing.

    Here are some amazing facts about      ANGER. If you want more so please      comment me.
    You can also read the following :
    20 Physiology Facts : Attraction

Motivational Stories : A Glass Of Milk, Paid In Full & A heart melt real story!

A Glass Of Milk, Paid In Full

One day, a poor boy who was selling goods from door to door to pay his way through school, found he had only one thin dime left, and he was hungry. He decided he would ask for a meal at the next house. However, he lost his nerve when a lovely young woman opened the door.

Instead of a meal he asked for a drink of water. She thought he looked hungry so brought him a large glass of milk.

He drank it slowly, and then asked, “How much do I owe you?”

“You don’t owe me anything,” she replied. “Mother has taught us never to accept pay for a kindness.”

He said, “Then I thank you from my heart.”

As Howard Kelly left that house, he not only felt stronger physically, but his faith in God and man was strong also. He had been ready to give up and quit.

Year’s later that young woman became critically ill. The local doctors were baffled. They finally sent her to the big city, where they called in specialists to study her rare disease.

Dr. Howard Kelly was called in for the consultation. When he heard the name of the town she came from, a strange light filled his eyes. Immediately he rose and went down the hall of the hospital to her room.

Dressed in his doctor’s gown he went in to see her. He recognized her at once. He went back to the consultation room determined to do his best to save her life. From that day he gave special attention to the case.

After a long struggle, the battle was won. Dr. Kelly requested the business office to pass the final bill to him for approval. He looked at it, then wrote something on the edge and the bill was sent to her room.

She feared to open it, for she was sure it would take the rest of her life to pay for it all. Finally she looked, and something caught her attention on the side of the bill. She began to read the following words:

“Paid in full with one glass of milk."

A heart melt real story!

In the image above is Shila Ghosh, an 83-year-old woman who lives in Pali in West Bengal, a state in the eastern region of India and is the nation’s fourth-most populous.

Her only son had heart ailment and passed away a few months ago. To make ends meet, Shila now works. Every evening, Shila comes from Pali to Kolkata to sell chips.

When asked if she has a problem in travelling, she weakly smiled and said: “No, the bus gets me here and my health is not that bad”.

Circumstances could have easily forced her to beg but her dignity and respect is everything for her, she is determined to work until the end of her life rather than to beg on the streets.

Story courtesy of Sufia Khatoon,
A college student in Kolkata  

When we go on complaining, let us remember her….. she chose to solve her problems on her own for as they say God helps them those who help themselves.

Don’t worry, Shila is being helped. Although she refuses donations and prefers to make her own living, many people found ways to help without making her feel dependent on anyone i.e. purchase more chips from her… some are also helping her to build a kiosk.

How to Boost Your Immunity आपकी प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली को मजबूत करने और बीमारी से लड़ने के लिए सहायक तरीके

आपकी प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली को मजबूत करने और बीमारी से लड़ने के लिए सहायक तरीके :

आप अपनी प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली को कैसे सुधार सकते हैं? कुल मिलाकर, आपकी प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली रोग पैदा करने वाले सूक्ष्मजीवों के खिलाफ आपका बचाव करने का उल्लेखनीय काम करती है। लेकिन कभी-कभी यह विफल हो जाता है: एक रोगाणु सफलतापूर्वक आक्रमण करता है और आपको बीमार बनाता है। क्या इस प्रक्रिया में हस्तक्षेप करना और अपनी प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली को बढ़ावा देना संभव है? यदि आप अपने आहार में सुधार करते हैं तो क्या होगा? कुछ विटामिन या हर्बल तैयारी लें? निकट-पूर्ण प्रतिरक्षा प्रतिक्रिया के उत्पादन की उम्मीद में अन्य जीवन शैली में बदलाव करें?

आप अपनी प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली को बढ़ावा देने के लिए क्या कर सकते हैं?

अपनी प्रतिरक्षा को बढ़ाने का विचार मोहक है, लेकिन ऐसा करने की क्षमता कई कारणों से मायावी साबित हुई है। प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली ठीक है कि - एक प्रणाली, एक इकाई नहीं है। अच्छी तरह से काम करने के लिए, इसे संतुलन और सद्भाव की आवश्यकता होती है। अभी भी बहुत कुछ है जो शोधकर्ताओं को प्रतिरक्षा प्रतिक्रिया की जटिलताओं और परस्पर संबंध के बारे में नहीं पता है। अभी के लिए, जीवनशैली और संवर्धित प्रतिरक्षा समारोह के बीच कोई वैज्ञानिक रूप से सिद्ध सीधा संबंध नहीं हैं।

लेकिन इसका मतलब यह नहीं है कि प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली पर जीवन शैली का प्रभाव पेचीदा नहीं है और इसका अध्ययन नहीं किया जाना चाहिए। शोधकर्ता आहार, व्यायाम, आयु, मनोवैज्ञानिक तनाव और प्रतिरक्षा प्रतिक्रिया के अन्य कारकों, जानवरों और मनुष्यों दोनों में पड़ने वाले प्रभावों की खोज कर रहे हैं। इस बीच, सामान्य स्वस्थ रहने वाली रणनीतियां आपके प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली को ऊपरी हाथ देना शुरू करने का एक अच्छा तरीका है।

कार्रवाई में प्रतिरक्षा। एक स्वस्थ प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली हमलावर रोगजनकों को हरा सकती है जैसा कि ऊपर दिखाया गया है, जहां गोनोरिया पैदा करने वाले दो बैक्टीरिया बड़े फैगोसाइट के लिए कोई मैच नहीं होते हैं, जिसे न्युट्रोफिल कहा जाता है, जो उन्हें संलग्न करता है और उन्हें मारता है।

आपकी प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली को मजबूत करने के स्वस्थ तरीके :

स्वस्थ जीवन शैली चुनने के लिए आपकी रक्षा की पहली पंक्ति है । सामान्य अच्छे स्वास्थ्य दिशानिर्देशों का पालन करना सबसे अच्छा कदम है जो आप अपनी प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली को मजबूत और स्वस्थ रखने के लिए स्वाभाविक रूप से कर सकते हैं। आपके शरीर का हर अंग, आपकी प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली सहित, बेहतर काम करता है जब पर्यावरणीय हमलों से सुरक्षित रहता है और स्वस्थ रहने वाली रणनीतियों द्वारा इन पर जोर दिया जाता है:

धूम्रपान न करें।

फलों और सब्जियों में अधिक आहार लें।

नियमित रूप से व्यायाम करें।

स्वस्थ वजन बनाए रखें ।

यदि आप शराब पीते हैं, तो केवल मॉडरेशन में पीएं।

पर्याप्त नींद लें।

संक्रमण से बचने के लिए कदम उठाएं , जैसे कि अपने हाथों को बार-बार धोना और मीट को अच्छी तरह से पकाना।

तनाव को कम करने की कोशिश करें।

स्वस्थ तरीके से प्रतिरक्षा बढ़ाएं

स्टोर अलमारियों पर कई उत्पाद प्रतिरक्षा को बढ़ावा देने या समर्थन करने का दावा करते हैं। लेकिन प्रतिरक्षा को बढ़ाने की अवधारणा वास्तव में वैज्ञानिक रूप से बहुत कम समझ में आती है। वास्तव में, आपके शरीर में कोशिकाओं की संख्या को बढ़ाने - प्रतिरक्षा कोशिकाओं या अन्य - जरूरी नहीं कि एक अच्छी बात है। उदाहरण के लिए, एथलीट जो "रक्त डोपिंग" में संलग्न हैं - अपने सिस्टम में रक्त पंप करने के लिए रक्त कोशिकाओं की संख्या को बढ़ावा देने और अपने प्रदर्शन को बढ़ाने के लिए - स्ट्रोक का जोखिम चलाते हैं।

आपकी प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली की कोशिकाओं को बढ़ावा देने का प्रयास विशेष रूप से जटिल है क्योंकि प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली में कई अलग-अलग प्रकार की कोशिकाएं होती हैं जो इतने सारे अलग-अलग रोगाणुओं को इतने तरीकों से प्रतिक्रिया देती हैं। आपको कौन सी कोशिकाओं को बढ़ावा देना चाहिए, और किस संख्या में? अभी तक, वैज्ञानिकों को इसका जवाब नहीं पता है। क्या ज्ञात है कि शरीर लगातार प्रतिरक्षा कोशिकाओं का उत्पादन कर रहा है। निश्चित रूप से, यह संभवतः उपयोग कर सकते हैं की तुलना में कई और अधिक लिम्फोसाइटों का उत्पादन करता है। अतिरिक्त कोशिकाएं एपोप्टोसिस नामक कोशिका मृत्यु की एक प्राकृतिक प्रक्रिया के माध्यम से खुद को दूर करती हैं - कुछ इससे पहले कि वे कोई कार्रवाई देखते हैं, कुछ लड़ाई जीतने के बाद। कोई नहीं जानता कि कितने कोशिकाओं या कोशिकाओं का सबसे अच्छा मिश्रण प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली को अपने इष्टतम स्तर पर कार्य करने की आवश्यकता है।

प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली और उम्र :

जैसे-जैसे हम उम्र बढ़ाते हैं, हमारी प्रतिरक्षा प्रतिक्रिया क्षमता कम होती जाती है, जो बदले में अधिक संक्रमण और अधिक कैंसर में योगदान देता है। जैसे-जैसे विकसित देशों में जीवन प्रत्याशा बढ़ी है, वैसे-वैसे उम्र से संबंधित स्थितियों में भी वृद्धि हुई है।

जबकि कुछ लोग स्वस्थ रूप से आयु के होते हैं, कई अध्ययनों का निष्कर्ष यह है कि युवा लोगों की तुलना में बुजुर्गों को संक्रामक रोगों को अनुबंधित करने की अधिक संभावना है, और इससे भी महत्वपूर्ण बात यह है कि उनसे मरने की अधिक संभावना है। श्वसन संक्रमण, इन्फ्लूएंजा , COVID-19 वायरस और विशेष रूप से निमोनिया दुनिया भर में 65 से अधिक लोगों में मृत्यु का एक प्रमुख कारण है। ऐसा क्यों होता है, यह सुनिश्चित करने के लिए कोई नहीं जानता है, लेकिन कुछ वैज्ञानिक मानते हैं कि यह बढ़ा हुआ जोखिम टी कोशिकाओं में कमी के साथ संबंधित है, संभवतः थाइमस उम्र के साथ atrophying और संक्रमण से लड़ने के लिए कम टी कोशिकाओं का उत्पादन करता है। क्या थाइमस फ़ंक्शन में यह कमी टी कोशिकाओं में गिरावट की व्याख्या करती है या क्या अन्य परिवर्तन एक भूमिका निभाते हैं या नहीं यह पूरी तरह से समझा नहीं गया है। दूसरों में रुचि है कि क्या अस्थि मज्जा स्टेम कोशिकाओं के उत्पादन में कम कुशल हो जाता है जो प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली की कोशिकाओं को जन्म देते हैं।

टीके के प्रति पुराने लोगों की प्रतिक्रिया से संक्रमण के प्रति प्रतिरक्षा प्रतिक्रिया में कमी का प्रदर्शन किया गया है। उदाहरण के लिए, इन्फ्लूएंजा के टीकों के अध्ययन से पता चला है कि 65 वर्ष से अधिक उम्र के लोगों के लिए, टीका स्वस्थ बच्चों (2 वर्ष से अधिक) की तुलना में कम प्रभावी है। लेकिन प्रभावकारिता में कमी के बावजूद, टीकाकरण की तुलना में इन्फ्लूएंजा और एस निमोनिया के लिए टीकाकरण ने पुराने लोगों में बीमारी और मृत्यु की दर को काफी कम कर दिया है।

बुजुर्गों में पोषण और प्रतिरक्षा के बीच संबंध प्रतीत होता है। कुपोषण का एक रूप जो आश्चर्यजनक रूप से संपन्न देशों में भी आम है "सूक्ष्म पोषक कुपोषण" के रूप में जाना जाता है। सूक्ष्म पोषक कुपोषण, जिसमें एक व्यक्ति को कुछ आवश्यक विटामिन की कमी होती है और खनिजों का पता लगाया जाता है जो आहार से प्राप्त या पूरक होता है, बुजुर्गों में हो सकता है। वृद्ध लोग कम भोजन करते हैं और अक्सर उनके आहार में कम विविधता होती है। एक महत्वपूर्ण सवाल यह है कि क्या आहार की खुराक वृद्ध लोगों को स्वस्थ प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली को बनाए रखने में मदद कर सकती है। वृद्ध लोगों को अपने डॉक्टर से इस सवाल पर चर्चा करनी चाहिए।

आहार और आपकी प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली :

किसी भी लड़ने वाले बल की तरह, प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली सेना अपने पेट पर मार्च करती है। स्वस्थ प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली के योद्धाओं को अच्छे, नियमित पोषण की आवश्यकता होती है। वैज्ञानिकों ने लंबे समय से माना है कि जो लोग गरीबी में रहते हैं और कुपोषित हैं वे संक्रामक रोगों की चपेट में हैं। क्या रोग की बढ़ी हुई दर प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली पर कुपोषण के प्रभाव के कारण होती है, हालांकि, यह निश्चित नहीं है। मनुष्यों की प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली पर पोषण के प्रभावों के अपेक्षाकृत कम अध्ययन अभी भी हैं।

कुछ सबूत हैं कि विभिन्न सूक्ष्म पोषक तत्वों की कमी - उदाहरण के लिए, जस्ते की कमी, सेलेनियम, लोहा, तांबा, फोलिक एसिड, और विटामिन ए, बी 6, सी और ई - टेस्ट ट्यूब में मापा जाता है। हालांकि, जानवरों के स्वास्थ्य पर इन प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली के परिवर्तनों का प्रभाव कम स्पष्ट है, और मानव प्रतिरक्षा प्रतिक्रिया पर इसी तरह की कमियों के प्रभाव का आकलन किया जाना अभी बाकी है।

तो आप क्या कर सकते हैं? यदि आपको संदेह है कि आपका आहार आपको अपने सभी सूक्ष्म पोषक तत्वों की आवश्यकता प्रदान नहीं कर रहा है - शायद, उदाहरण के लिए, आपको सब्जियां पसंद नहीं हैं - दैनिक मल्टीविटामिन और खनिज पूरक लेने से प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली पर किसी भी संभावित लाभकारी प्रभाव से परे अन्य स्वास्थ्य लाभ हो सकते हैं। एक एकल विटामिन के मेगाडोस लेना नहीं है। अधिक जरूरी बेहतर नहीं है।

व्यायाम: प्रतिरक्षा के लिए अच्छा या बुरा?

नियमित व्यायाम स्वस्थ रहने के स्तंभों में से एक है। यह हृदय स्वास्थ्य में सुधार करता है, रक्तचाप को कम करता है, शरीर के वजन को नियंत्रित करने में मदद करता है और कई तरह की बीमारियों से बचाता है। लेकिन क्या यह आपकी प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली को स्वाभाविक रूप से बढ़ावा देने और इसे स्वस्थ रखने में मदद करता है? एक स्वस्थ आहार की तरह, व्यायाम सामान्य अच्छे स्वास्थ्य में योगदान कर सकता है और इसलिए एक स्वस्थ प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली के लिए। यह अच्छे संचलन को बढ़ावा देकर सीधे और भी अधिक योगदान दे सकता है, जो प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली की कोशिकाओं और पदार्थों को स्वतंत्र रूप से शरीर के माध्यम से स्थानांतरित करने और अपने काम को कुशलतापूर्वक करने की अनुमति देता है।

Privacy policy

Introduction

We are a social network and online platform for professionals. People use our Services to find and be found for business opportunities, to connect with others and find information. Our Privacy Policy applies to any Member or Visitor to our Services

Our registered users (“Members”) share their professional identities, engage with their network, exchange knowledge and professional insights, post and view relevant content, learn and develop skills, and find business and career opportunities. Content and data on some of our Services is viewable to non-members. 

Services

This Privacy Policy, including our Cookie Policy applies to your use of our Services.

This Privacy Policy applies to LinkedIn.com, LinkedIn-branded apps, Slideshare, LinkedIn Learning and other LinkedIn-related sites, apps, communications and services (“Services”), including off-site Services, such as our ad services and the “Apply with LinkedIn” and “Share with LinkedIn” plugins, but excluding services that state that they are offered under a different privacy policy. For California residents, additional disclosures required by California law may be found in our California Privacy Disclosure.

Data Controllers and Contracting Parties

If you are in the “Designated Countries”, LinkedIn Ireland Unlimited Company (“LinkedIn Ireland”) will be the controller of your personal data provided to, or collected by or for, or processed in connection with our Services.

If you are outside of the Designated Countries, LinkedIn Corporation will be the controller of your personal data provided to, or collected by or for, or processed in connection with, our Services.

As a Visitor or Member of our Services, the collection, use and sharing of your personal data is subject to this Privacy Policy and other documents referenced in this Privacy Policy, as well as updates.

Change

Changes to the Privacy Policy apply to your use of our Services after the “effective date.”

LinkedIn (“we” or “us”) can modify this Privacy Policy, and if we make material changes to it, we will provide notice through our Services, or by other means, to provide you the opportunity to review the changes before they become effective. If you object to any changes, you may close your account.

You acknowledge that your continued use of our Services after we publish or send a notice about our changes to this Privacy Policy means that the collection, use and sharing of your personal data is subject to the updated Privacy Policy, as of its effective date.

1. Data We Collect

1.1 Data You Provide To Us

You provide data to create an account with us.

Registration

To create an account you need to provide data including your name, email address and/or mobile number, and a password. If you register for a premium Service, you will need to provide payment (e.g., credit card) and billing information.

You create your LinkedIn profile (a complete profile helps you get the most from our Services).

Profile

You have choices about the information on your profile, such as your education, work experience, skills, photo, city or area and endorsements. Some Members may choose to complete a separate ProFinder profile. You don’t have to provide additional information on your profile; however, profile information helps you to get more from our Services, including helping recruiters and business opportunities find you. It’s your choice whether to include sensitive information on your profile and to make that sensitive information public. Please do not post or add personal data to your profile that you would not want to be publicly available.

You give other data to us, such as by syncing your address book or calendar.

Posting and Uploading

We collect personal data from you when you provide, post or upload it to our Services, such as when you fill out a form, (e.g., with demographic data or salary), respond to a survey, or submit a resume or fill out a job application on our Services. If you opt to import your address book, we receive your contacts (including contact information your service provider(s) or app automatically added to your address book when you communicated with addresses or numbers not already in your list).

If you sync your contacts or calendars with our Services, we will collect your address book and calendar meeting information to keep growing your network by suggesting connections for you and others, and by providing information about events, e.g. times, places, attendees and contacts.

You don’t have to post or upload personal data; though if you don’t, it may limit your ability to grow and engage with your network over our Services.

1.2 Data From Others

Others may post or write about you.

Content and News

You and others may post content that includes information about you (as part of articles, posts, comments, videos) on our Services. Unless you opt-out, we collect public information about you, such as professional-related news and accomplishments (e.g., patents granted, professional recognition, conference speakers, projects, etc.) and make it available as part of our Services (e.g. suggestions for your profile, or notifications to others of mentions in the news).

Others may sync their contacts or calendar with our Services.

Contact and Calendar Information

We receive personal data (including contact information) about you when others import or sync their contacts or calendar with our Services, associate their contacts with Member profiles, scan and upload business cards, or send messages using our Services (including invites or connection requests). If you or others opt-in to sync email accounts with our Services, we will also collect “email header” information that we can associate with Member profiles.

Customers and partners may provide data to us.

Partners

We receive personal data (e.g., your job title and work email address) about you when you use the services of our customers and partners, such as employers or prospective employers and applicant tracking systems providing us job application data.

Related Companies and Other Services

We receive data about you when you use some of the other services provided by us or our affiliates, including Microsoft. For example, you may choose to send us information about your contacts in Microsoft apps and services, such as Outlook, for improved professional networking activities on our Services.

1.3 Service Use

We log your visits and use of our Services, including mobile apps.

We log usage data when you visit or otherwise use our Services, including our sites, app and platform technology, such as when you view or click on content (e.g., learning video) or ads (on or off our sites and apps), perform a search, install or update one of our mobile apps, share articles or apply for jobs. We use log-ins, cookies, device information and internet protocol (“IP”) addresses to identify you and log your use.

1.4 Cookies and Similar Technologies

We collect data through cookies and similar technologies.

As further described in our Cookie Policy, we use cookies and similar technologies (e.g., pixels and ad tags) to collect data (e.g., device IDs) to recognize you and your device(s) on, off and across different services and devices where you have engaged with our Services. We also allow some others to use cookies as described in our Cookie Policy. If you are outside the Designated Countries, we also collect (or rely on others who collect) information about your device where you have not engaged with our Services (e.g., ad ID, IP address, operating system and browser information) so we can provide our Members with relevant ads and better understand their effectiveness. Learn more. You can opt out from our use of data from cookies and similar technologies that track your behavior on the sites of others for ad targeting and other ad-related purposes. For Visitors, the controls are here.

1.5 Your Device and Location

We receive data from your devices and networks, including location data.

When you visit or leave our Services (including some plugins and our cookies or similar technology on the sites of others), we receive the URL of both the site you came from and the one you go to and the time of your visit. We also get information about your network and device (e.g., IP address, proxy server, operating system, web browser and add-ons, device identifier and features, cookie IDs and/or ISP, or your mobile carrier). If you use our Services from a mobile device, that device will send us data about your location based on your phone settings. We will ask you to opt-in before we use GPS or other tools to identify your precise location.

1.6 Messages

If you communicate through our Services, we learn about that.

We collect information about you when you send, receive, or engage with messages in connection with our Services. For example, if you get a LinkedIn connection request, we track whether you have acted on it and will send you reminders. We also use automatic scanning technology on messages to support and protect our site. For example, we use this technology to suggest possible responses to messages and to manage or block content that violates our User Agreement or Professional Community Policies from our Services.

1.7 Workplace and School Provided Information

When your organization (e.g., employer or school) buys a premium Service for you to use, they give us data about you.

Others buying our Services for your use, such as your employer or your school, provide us with personal data about you and your eligibility to use the Services that they purchase for use by their workers, students or alumni. For example, we will get contact information for “Company Page” administrators and for authorizing users of our premium Services, such as our recruiting, sales or learning products.

1.8 Sites and Services of Others

We get data when you visit sites that include our ads, cookies or some of our plugins or when you log-in to others’ services with your LinkedIn account.

We receive information about your visits and interaction with services provided by others when you log-in with LinkedIn or visit others’ services that include some of our plugins (such as “Apply with LinkedIn”) or our ads, cookies or similar technologies

1.9 Other

We are improving our Services, which means we get new data and create new ways to use data.

Our Services are dynamic, and we often introduce new features, which may require the collection of new information. If we collect materially different personal data or materially change how we collect, use or share your data, we will notify you and may also modify this Privacy Policy.

2. How We Use Your Data

We use your data to provide, support, personalize and develop our Services.

How we use your personal data will depend on which Services you use, how you use those Services and the choices you make in your settings. We use the data that we have about you to provide and personalize our Services, including with the help of automated systems and inferences we make, so that our Services (including ads) can be more relevant and useful to you and others.

2.1 Services

Our Services help you connect with others, find and be found for work and business opportunities, stay informed, get training and be more productive.

We use your data to authorize access to our Services and honor your settings.

Stay Connected

Our Services allow you to stay in touch and up to date with colleagues, partners, clients, and other professional contacts. To do so, you can “connect” with the professionals who you choose, and who also wish to “connect” with you. Subject to your and their settings, when you connect with other Members, you will be able to search each others’ connections in order to exchange professional opportunities.

We use data about you (such as your profile, profiles you have viewed or data provided through address book uploads or partner integrations) to help others find your profile, suggest connections for you and others (e.g. Members who share your contacts or job experiences) and enable you to invite others to become a Member and connect with you. You can also opt-in to allow us to use your precise location or proximity to others for certain tasks (e.g. to suggest other nearby Members for you to connect with, calculate the commute to a new job, or notify your connections that you are at a professional event).

It is your choice whether to invite someone to our Services, send a connection request, or allow another Member to become your connection. When you invite someone to connect with you, your invitation will include your network and basic profile information (e.g., name, profile photo, job title, region). We will send invitation reminders to the person you invited. You can choose whether or not to share your own list of connections with your connections.

Visitors have choices about how we use their data.

Stay Informed

Our Services allow you to stay informed about news, events and ideas regarding professional topics you care about, and from professionals you respect. Our Services also allow you to improve your professional skills, or learn new ones. We use the data we have about you (e.g., data you provide, data we collect from your engagement with our Services and inferences we make from the data we have about you), to personalize our Services for you, such as by recommending or ranking relevant content and conversations on our Services. We also use the data we have about you to suggest skills you could add to your profile and skills that you might need to pursue your next opportunity. So, if you let us know that you are interested in a new skill (e.g., by watching a learning video), we will use this information to personalize content in your feed, suggest that you follow certain members on our site, or suggest related learning content to help you towards that new skill. We use your content, activity and other data, including your name and photo, to provide notices to your network and others. For example, subject to your settings, we may notify others that you have updated your profile, posted content, took a social action, used a feature, made new connections or were mentioned in the news.

Career

Our Services allow you to explore careers, evaluate educational opportunities, and seek out, and be found for, career opportunities. Your profile can be found by those looking to hire (for a job or a specific task) or be hired by you. We will use your data to recommend jobs or mentees, show you and others relevant professional contacts (e.g., who work at a company, in an industry, function or location or have certain skills and connections). You can signal that you are interested in changing jobs and share information with recruiters. We will use your data to recommend jobs to you and you to recruiters. We may use automated systems to provide content and recommendations to help make our Services more relevant to our Members, Visitors and customers. Keeping your profile accurate and up-to-date may help you better connect to others and to opportunities through our Services.

Productivity

Our Services allow you to collaborate with colleagues, search for potential clients, customers, partners and others to do business with. Our Services allow you to communicate with other Members and schedule and prepare meetings with them. If your settings allow, we scan messages to provide “bots” or similar tools that facilitate tasks such as scheduling meetings, drafting responses, summarizing messages or recommending next steps. Learn more.

2.2 Premium Services

Our premium Services help paying users to search for and contact Members through our Services, such as searching for and contacting job candidates, sales leads and co-workers, manage talent and promote content through social media.

We sell premium Services that provide our customers and subscribers with customized-search functionality and tools (including messaging and activity alerts) as part of our talent, marketing and sales solutions. Customers can export limited information from your profile, such as name, headline, current company, current title, and general location (e.g., Dublin), such as to manage sales leads or talent, unless you opt-out. We do not provide contact information to customers as part of these premium Services without your consent. Premium Services customers can store information they have about you in our premium Services, such as a resume or contact information or sales history. The data stored about you by these customers is subject to the policies of those customers. Other enterprise Services and features that use your data include TeamLink and Elevate (social promotion of content).

2.3 Communications

We contact you and enable communications between Members. We offer settings to control what messages you receive and how often you receive some types of messages.

We will contact you through email, mobile phone, notices posted on our websites or apps, messages to your LinkedIn inbox, and other ways through our Services, including text messages and push notifications. We will send you messages about the availability of our Services, security, or other service-related issues. We also send messages about how to use our Services, network updates, reminders, job suggestions and promotional messages from us and our partners. You may change your communication preferences at any time. Please be aware that you cannot opt out of receiving service messages from us, including security and legal notices.

We also enable communications between you and others through our Services, including for example invitations, InMail, groups and messages between connections.

2.4 Advertising

We serve you tailored ads both on and off our Services. We offer you choices regarding personalized ads, but you cannot opt-out of seeing other ads.

We target (and measure the performance of) ads to Members, Visitors and others both on and off our Services directly or through a variety of partners, using the following data, whether separately or combined:

• Data from advertising technologies on and off our Services, pixels, ad tags, cookies, and device identifiers;
• Member-provided information (e.g., profile, contact information, title and industry);
• Data from your use of our Services (e.g., search history, feed, content you read, who you follow or is following you, connections, groups participation, page visits, videos you watch, clicking on an ad, etc.), including as described in Section 1.3;
• Information from advertising partners, vendors and publishers ; and
• Information inferred from data described above (e.g., using job titles from a profile to infer industry, seniority, and compensation bracket; using graduation dates to infer age or using first names or pronoun usage to infer gender; using your feed activity to infer your interests; or using device data to recognize you as a Member).

We will show you ads called sponsored content which look similar to non-sponsored content, except that they are labeled as advertising (e.g., as “ad” or “sponsored”). If you take a social action (such as like, comment or share) on these ads, your action is associated with your name and viewable by others, including the advertiser. Subject to your settings, if you take a social action on the LinkedIn Services, that action may be mentioned with related ads.

Ad Choices

We adhere to self-regulatory principles for interest-based advertising and participate in industry opt-outs from such ads. This does not opt you out of receiving advertising; you will continue to get other ads by advertisers not listed with these self regulatory tools. You can also opt-out specifically from our uses of certain categories of data to show you more relevant ads. For Visitors, the setting is here.

Info to Ad Providers

We do not share your personal data with any third-party advertisers or ad networks except for: (i) hashed IDs or device identifiers (to the extent they are personal data in some countries); (ii) with your separate permission (e.g., in a lead generation form) or (iii) data already visible to any users of the Services (e.g., profile). However, if you view or click on an ad on or off our Services, the ad provider will get a signal that someone visited the page that displayed the ad, and they may, through the use of mechanisms such as cookies, determine it is you. Advertising partners can associate personal data collected by the advertiser directly from you with hashed IDs or device identifiers received from us. In such instances, we seek to contractually require such advertising partners to obtain your explicit, opt-in consent before doing so.

2.5 Marketing

We promote our Services to you and others.

In addition to advertising our Services, we use Members’ data and content for invitations and communications promoting membership and network growth, engagement and our Services, such as by showing your connections that you have used a feature on our Services.

2.6 Developing Services and Research

We develop our Services and conduct research.

Service Development

We use data, including public feedback, to conduct research and development for our Services in order to provide you and others with a better, more intuitive and personalized experience, drive membership growth and engagement on our Services, and help connect professionals to each other and to economic opportunity.

Other Research

We seek to create economic opportunity for Members of the global workforce and to help them be more productive and successful. We use the personal data available to us to research social, economic and workplace trends, such as jobs availability and skills needed for these jobs and policies that help bridge the gap in various industries and geographic areas. In some cases, we work with trusted third parties to perform this research, under controls that are designed to protect your privacy. We publish or allow others to publish economic insights, presented as aggregated data rather than personal data.

Surveys

Polls and surveys are conducted by us and others through our Services. You are not obligated to respond to polls or surveys, and you have choices about the information you provide. You may opt-out of survey invitations.

2.7 Customer Support

We use data to help you and fix problems.

We use data (which can include your communications) to investigate, respond to and resolve complaints and for Service issues (e.g., bugs).

2.8 Insights That Do Not Identify You

We use data to generate insights that do not identify you.

We use your data to produce and share insights that do not identify you. For example, we may use your data to generate statistics about our members, their profession or industry, to calculate ad impressions served or clicked on, or to publish visitor demographics for a Service or create demographic workforce insights.